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Lance Tips
Lance tips are replaceable nozzle assemblies installed at the end of lances used in metallurgical processes such as oxygen blowing in BOF converters, EAF steelmaking, and refining operations in LF, VD, and VOD furnaces.
The lance tip controls the flow rate, velocity, impact area, and injection direction of gases such as oxygen, argon, or nitrogen into the molten bath. Proper lance tip design is critical for combustion efficiency, decarburization, bath stirring, and refining performance.
Lance tips are typically manufactured from high-conductivity copper alloys and are often designed with internal water-cooling channels to withstand extremely high temperatures and severe operating conditions. Due to thermal wear, oxidation, and erosion, lance tips require periodic replacement during furnace operation.
•Single-hole tip – Directs a concentrated single gas stream, typically used in certain refining, heating, or injection applications requiring focused flow.
•Multi-hole tip – Features multiple nozzles to distribute gases uniformly and improve reaction efficiency, commonly used in BOF converters and EAF steelmaking.
•Coherent jet tip – Utilizes a shrouding flame around the oxygen jet to reduce turbulence and gas dispersion, maintaining jet coherence and improving oxygen transfer efficiency in steelmaking operations.
•Supersonic tip – Designed with convergent-divergent nozzles to accelerate gas flow to supersonic velocity, enabling deeper penetration and stronger bath stirring in molten steel
Application-Based Variations
| Application | Nozzle Type | Flow Rate (Nm³/h) | Pressure (bar) |
| BOF oxygen blowing | Supersonic, multi-hole | 500 – 1500 | 10 – 20 |
| EAF refining (argon/nitrogen) | Multi-hole, coherent jet | 100 – 500 | 5 – 15 |
| VD/VOD process | Single-hole, multi-hole | 50 – 300 | 5 – 10 |
| Desulfurization | Multi-hole, adjustable | 100 – 600 | 8 – 15 |
