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The electric arc furnace is mainly composed of electrode holder, electrode, furnace cover, molten bath, furnace door, tilting cradle, hydraulic steel and other components. The furnace bottom and furnace wall are constructed of acidic or alkaline refractory materials. First, the electric energy is transmitted to the furnace through the electrode, and then the electrode and furnace charge are used to generate electric arc to raise the temperature in the furnace. Finally, the high temperature makes the ore metal melt.
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The generalized consumption of graphite electrode in smelting can be divided into active consumption, natural consumption or technical consumption.
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The new furnace body usually needs to be dried to make the furnace body sinter and remove moisture. The alkaline electric arc furnace image is composed of magnesia, dolomite, asphalt, tar and other materials. After the volatiles in the asphalt and tar are removed at high temperature, the remaining solid carbon becomes the skeleton of the furnace lining refractory.
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Focusing on the objectives of high production efficiency, simple function, environmental friendliness, intelligent control and diversified raw materials, electric furnace steelmaking technology has been continuously developed. The goal of high efficiency of electric furnace smelting is to shorten the smelting cycle and power on time as much as possible and reduce the smelting power consumption as much as possible.
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Electric furnace steelmaking mainly uses arc heat. In the arc action area, the temperature is as high as 4000 ℃. The smelting process is generally divided into melting period, oxidation period and reduction period. In the furnace, not only oxidation atmosphere but also reduction atmosphere can be caused. Therefore, the efficiency of dephosphorization and desulfurization is very high.
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