Continuous casting, also known as continuous casting, is a process in which molten metal solidifies into "semi-finished" billets, blooms or slabs for subsequent rolling in finishing mills. Before the introduction of continuous casting in the 1950s, steel was poured into stationary molds to form ingo
READ MOREStarting the caster requires passing a dummy bar (essentially a curved metal beam) up through the spray booth to seal off the bottom of the mold. The metal is poured into molds and removed with dummy rods once solidified. It is extremely important to secure the supply of metal afterwards to avoid un
READ MOREA cooling tower is a device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere by cooling a coolant stream, usually a stream of water, to a lower temperature. Cooling towers can use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near wet-bulb air temperature, or in the case of
READ MOREHeating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) cooling towers are used to dispose of ("reject") unwanted heat from the chiller. Liquid-cooled chillers are generally more energy efficient than air-cooled chillers because the tower water rejects heat
READ MOREA brick lining is usually placed over a circular concrete well rim. The lining may have open seams to allow water to enter. In this case, the well is often plugged at the bottom and water enters from the side. Ballast, 20 to 25 cm (7.9 to 9.8 in) in diameter, is packed around the outside of the line
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