Vacuum arc remeltingVacuum arc remelting (VAR) is a secondary melting process used to produce metal ingots with increased chemical and mechanical homogeneity for demanding applications. [1] The VAR process has revolutionized specialized traditional metallurgical technology indust
READ MORESmaller arc furnaces may be adequately cooled by circulation of air over structural elements of the shell and roof, but larger installations require intensive forced cooling to maintain the structure within safe operating limits. The furnace shell and roof may be cooled either by water circulated th
READ MOREThe use of EAF allows steel to be made from 100% scrap metal raw material. This significantly reduces the energy required to make steel compared to ore primary steelmaking.Another benefit is flexibility: While blast furnaces cannot drastically change output and can run for years at a time, electric
READ MOREProducing one ton of steel in an electric arc furnace requires about 400 kWh per short ton (1.44 gigajoules) or about 440 kWh per ton (1.6 GJ); the theoretical minimum energy required to melt one ton of scrap is 300 kWh (1.09 GJ) (melting point 1,520 °C (2,768 °F)). Thus, a 300-ton, 300-MVA EAF woul
READ MOREAn Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) is a furnace in which materials are heated by an electric arc.Industrial electric arc furnaces range in size from small units with a capacity of about 1 ton (used in foundries for the production of cast iron products) to about 400 ton units for secondary steelmaking. E
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