Electric arc furnace steelmaking process: the damage mechanism of refractory materials in various parts

Electric arc furnace steelmaking process: the damage mechanism of refractory materials in various parts

1. Furnace top position

The furnace top, also known as the furnace cover, is in a circular arch shape and can be moved. The outer ring is a water-jacketed steel structure. During the smelting process, the furnace roof (especially the central part of the furnace roof, around the electrode hole and the dust removal hole) is at high temperature for a long time. The state of the furnace is also affected by sudden changes in temperature. The chemical corrosion of furnace gas and slagging powder, the radiation of electrode arc and the erosion of smoke and dust, the dust on the furnace roof also produces pressure and hinders heat dissipation. The furnace roof is also subject to mechanical The function of vibration, the working conditions are very bad, it is the weak link of the whole furnace lining.

2. The furnace wall

The furnace wall does not touch the molten steel during the steelmaking process, and has the function of heat preservation and heat insulation for the molten steel. The main reasons for the damage to the furnace wall: splashing steel slag, electrode arc, high-temperature air erosion, air oxidation, thermal vibration.

3. The slag line location

The slag line is between the furnace wall and the molten pool. During the steelmaking process, after the steel melts, the slag line at the lower part of the furnace wall has been eroded by high-temperature steel slag for a long time. The physical penetration and chemical corrosion of steel slag, as well as the erosion of flowing steel slag, molten steel, and air oxidation, cause the refractory material in this part to form a deep groove ahead of other parts.

4. The molten pool

The molten pool is located between the slag line and the bottom of the furnace. In the electric arc furnace steelmaking process, it is mainly used to store molten steel. By the physical penetration and chemical erosion of molten steel and steel slag, as well as the erosion of flowing steel slag and molten steel, the erosion of each part is relatively uniform. At the bottom of the furnace, the bottom of the furnace mainly stores molten steel, which is affected by flowing steel slag and molten steel to wash and penetrate.

5. the position of the furnace door frame

The furnace door is mainly used to discharge steel slag, blow oxygen, and add various materials; the place to observe and detect the state of the furnace and the temperature of the molten steel, the physical penetration of steel slag, chemical corrosion, oxidation, and thermal vibration are the main causes of damage.

6. the location of the steel tap

The damage mechanism is the same as that of the slag line, and the erosion of molten steel is increased.